The Houses

ABB is the Swiss engineering giant behind much of the machinery that actually builds batteries. Rather than making cells itself, it supplies the robotics, drives and control systems that keep gigafactory lines…

Backed by Stellantis, Mercedes-Benz and TotalEnergies, ACC is Europe's home-grown answer to the cell-supply question. Its Douvrin gigafactory in northern France turns out NMC cells for the founders' electric ranges.

Moura is one of Latin America's largest battery makers, a Brazilian family company supplying automotive, industrial and stationary lead-acid batteries across the region and beyond.

Specialist intelligence on rare earths and battery materials supply chains.

Developer of the GreenSeal bipolar lead battery technology, licensed to manufacturers to raise energy density and cut cost.

AESC has been making automotive cells since the earliest days of the modern EV, and today, under Chinese group Envision, it supplies Nissan, Renault and BMW from a fast-growing network of plants…

Few companies sit closer to the heart of the lithium chain than Albemarle. It draws brine from Chile and Nevada, mines hard rock at Greenbushes and Wodgina, and turns both into the…

Sweden's Altris is a sodium-ion specialist with a clever edge: it makes its own Prussian White cathode material as well as the cells, giving it command of the chemistry from end to…

One of India's best-known battery names, Amara Raja built its reputation in lead-acid and is now moving decisively into lithium. It is raising a gigafactory in Telangana on licensed LFP technology, with…

Maker of separators and components for industrial lead-acid batteries.

A US industry coalition formed to advance the domestic sodium-ion battery industry.

American Battery Solutions designs and manufactures lithium-ion battery systems for commercial and industrial vehicles; part of Komatsu since 2023.

This Nevada company works both ends of the supply chain, running a lithium-ion recycling plant while developing the sizeable Tonopah Flats lithium deposit nearby. It is also one of the few US…

Amprius makes some of the highest energy-density cells on the market, built around its own silicon anode. That extra range has made it a favoured supplier for drones, high-altitude aircraft and defence…

Aqua Metals is a United States developer of an electrochemical recycling process it calls AquaRefining, designed to recover lithium, nickel, cobalt and copper from spent cells without furnaces or intensive chemistry.

Independent price reporting agency with 130-plus battery-material assessments.

Japan's Asahi Kasei is a major producer of the wet-process Hipore separator film used in lithium-ion cells, and is expanding that technology for the automotive market in North America, Japan and Korea.

Ascend Elements uses a hydro-to-cathode process that turns spent cells directly into cathode material rather than simply shredding them, at its Base 1 plant at Covington, Georgia.

The Association of Battery Recyclers represents companies involved in the recycling of lead batteries, promoting responsible and environmentally sound recycling practices.

Germany's Aurubis is one of the world's largest copper producers and multimetal recyclers, and its expertise in recovering nickel, cobalt and other metals is increasingly turned toward battery recycling.

Banner is an Austrian family firm and one of Europe's respected lead-acid makers, supplying starter and specialty batteries to leading carmakers from its modern plant near Linz.

The German chemicals powerhouse is also one of the largest cathode makers in the world. At Schwarzheide it runs Europe's biggest automated cathode plant, paired with a battery-recycling operation and a metal…

A long-established magazine covering the battery industry, with deep roots in the lead sector.

A focused source of news and market intelligence on the lithium-ion battery industry.

Industrial battery manufacturer and service provider for motive-power applications.

Battery Council International is the trade association for the North American lead battery industry, uniting manufacturers, recyclers and suppliers around standards, safety and the sector's strong recycling record.

An online network offering broad coverage of battery technology and market trends.

Informa's dedicated battery and energy-storage media brand, and one of the most consistent voices covering the sector.

The leading London price reporting agency for the lithium-ion and EV supply chain.

A long-running, well-regarded international magazine covering the whole battery and energy-storage industry.

Manufacturer of battery formation and testing equipment for lead and lithium producers.

Maker of Molecular Rebar carbon-nanotube additives that improve lead and lithium battery performance.

Strategic research whose annual battery price survey is an industry benchmark.

BMW keeps the clever parts of its batteries in-house, designing its own sixth-generation cylindrical cells and assembling the packs itself, while sourcing the cells from partners including CATL and EVE.

Sweden's Boliden is a mining and smelting group with a big role in the battery loop. Its Bergsoe smelter reclaims the lead from roughly four million car batteries a year, among Europe's…

A major name in vehicle propulsion, BorgWarner builds battery modules and packs for commercial and off-highway vehicles through its Akasol business, assembling rugged systems around bought-in cells.

The factory-automation arm of Bosch, Rexroth supplies the drives, controls and assembly systems that carry cells, modules and packs down the production line, whatever the chemistry.

Brunp is CATL's recycling engine and one of the largest battery recyclers anywhere. It takes back spent cells, recovers the metals and turns them into fresh cathode material and precursor, closing CATL's…

Manufacturer of motive-power (industrial forklift) lead-acid batteries.

BYD is the giant of the industry: the world's biggest EV maker and, through its FinDreams unit, one of its largest battery producers. Remarkably self-sufficient, it makes its own Blade cells, cathode…

Global specialty-chemicals company supplying carbon additives and conductive materials for batteries.

CALB is one of China's largest EV and storage battery makers, backed by aerospace group AVIC, and it is carrying that scale into Europe with its first gigafactory in Portugal.

One of China's largest lead-acid battery manufacturers, also active in recycling and lithium.

Belgium's Campine is a specialist recycler and chemicals maker, the world's leading producer of antimony trioxide and a major secondary-lead supplier. Its Beerse plant turns out tens of thousands of tonnes of…

Founded in Dongguan in 2015, Canrd supplies battery research and development services and laboratory equipment to universities, research institutes and manufacturers. It makes custom electrode sheets, dry cells and finished cells in…

Capchem is one of the world's top electrolyte producers, supplying the fluids, additives and lithium salts at the core of every lithium-ion cell, from plants in China, Poland and the US.

The world's largest battery maker by a wide margin, CATL supplies around a third of all EV cells and a huge share of grid storage. Its line-up runs from Shenxing fast-charging LFP…

C&D brings together two respected American names, its own stationary power systems and Trojan's deep-cycle batteries, serving telecoms, data centres and motive power.

Major Chinese maker of lead and lithium batteries, especially for e-bikes and light electric vehicles.

A long-running EV magazine with in-depth coverage of battery and charging engineering.

Chengxin is an integrated lithium producer reaching from spodumene mines in Sichuan and Zimbabwe to lithium salts made in China and Indonesia, with capacity comfortably above 130,000 tonnes a year.

China's biggest vehicle exporter, Chery sells combustion, hybrid and electric cars under brands from Omoda to Jetour. It sources cells from CATL, Gotion and LG while developing its own next-generation and solid-state…

Cirba Solutions handles batteries of every chemistry from collection right through to recovered materials, running a coast-to-coast North American network. Its flagship Ohio plant is adding hydrometallurgical processing to recover battery-grade nickel,…

Clarios is the world's largest maker of low-voltage vehicle batteries, supplying around a third of the global market from 16 United States plants and more worldwide. In January 2026 it announced an…

Global provider of vehicle battery replacement programmes for motoring clubs and roadside assistance.

CNGR is the world's largest maker of the ternary precursors and cobalt tetroxide that go into cathodes, built on an integrated chain running from ore all the way to finished materials and…

Concorde Battery is a California maker of aviation batteries, best known for the sealed AGM aircraft batteries trusted across general and military aviation, alongside industrial and marine ranges. It has since moved…

The Consortium for Battery Innovation is a global research organisation advancing lead battery technology, funding and coordinating work to lift performance for energy storage and automotive use.

Battery distribution and manufacturing company serving automotive, industrial and marine markets.

Core Lithium operates Finniss in the Northern Territory, the only lithium mine in Australia outside Western Australia, producing spodumene concentrate.

Mexican lead recycler and refiner serving the battery industry.

A century-old Ohio manufacturer, Crown makes a full range of lead-acid and lithium batteries for lift trucks, rail, golf and stationary power. Its plant runs entirely on solar and wind, and its…

UK-based commodity intelligence house with IOSCO-audited battery-materials prices.

Manufacturer of valve-regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries for UPS, security and standby power.

Daramic is the world's leading maker of separators for lead-acid batteries, the thin membranes that keep each cell working, supplying battery makers from plants across the Americas, Europe and Asia. It has…

Maker of battery testing and analysis equipment.

Maker of battery testing, formation and charging systems for manufacturers.

Indian lead-acid battery manufacturer.

Germany's Dürr is best known for automotive paint and assembly systems, and it brings that precision to batteries, supplying electrode coating, drying and calendering equipment, including dry-coating lines, and near-complete cell production…

Supplier of lead oxide production equipment and services to battery manufacturers.

European association representing the energy storage sector across technologies.

One of China's earliest cathode makers, Easpring produces a broad sweep of materials, from NCM and LFP to solid-state and sodium cathodes, with plants across China and a new cathode plant taking…

East Penn runs the largest single-site lead battery plant in the world at Lyon Station, Pennsylvania, making Deka batteries for automotive, motive power, marine and standby duty. Its Deka Ready Power range,…

Ecobat calls itself the world's largest battery recycler, and the scale bears it out: its California site alone handles around 11 million batteries a year and recovers more than 99% of the…

South Korea's EcoPro BM is a cathode heavyweight, among the world's leaders in high-nickel NCA, running an integrated precursor-to-cathode system that supplies Samsung SDI and LG from complexes in Korea and a…

Consulting and testing firm specialising in lead battery technology.

A respected German-founded outlet covering electromobility and the battery supply chain.

Element Resources is a North American lead recycler operating plants at Muncie, Indiana and Forest City, Missouri, processing around ten million batteries a year. It is an Atlas Holdings company, as is…

The leading dedicated source for grid-scale and stationary energy-storage news.

EnerSys is a global leader in industrial stored energy, strong in thin plate pure lead for motive power, telecoms and data centres. It is building a lithium cell plant at Greenville, South…

Mexican lead-acid battery manufacturer.

Italy's Engitec designs the plants that make lead recycling possible. It pioneered the first wet process for spent lead-acid batteries and has built more than 80 recovery plants around the world.

ENTEK is the only US-owned maker of wet-process lithium-ion separator, and it makes lead-acid separators and the production machinery too. It is building a giga-scale separator plant in Indiana, backed by a…

Welsh lead-acid battery recycler and lead refiner.

Manufacturer of advanced lead-acid batteries for automotive, industrial and motive-power use.

The Association of European Automotive and Industrial Battery Manufacturers, representing the industry across all chemistries in Europe.

A polished EV publication covering vehicles, charging, supply chain and the people behind them.

EVE is one of the broadest battery makers in China and among the world's largest in energy storage, spanning cylindrical NCM cells, prismatic LFP for storage and heavy trucks, and lithium primary…

India's largest lead-acid battery maker, Exide Industries has served the country's cars, submarines and solar sector for more than seventy years, and is now building its own lithium-ion cell plant in Bengaluru.…

From its base in France, Exide Technologies supplies batteries across Europe, the Middle East, Africa and Asia-Pacific, from 12V car batteries and motive power to backup systems and submarine propulsion, with its…

Distributor of automotive parts and batteries across North America.

A British sodium-ion pioneer founded in Sheffield, Faradion holds one of the deepest patent portfolios in the field and is now owned by India's Reliance, which is industrialising its technology at giga-scale.

Farasis is a Chinese cell maker known for its pouch lithium-ion cells, with high-energy and semi-solid generations in the works. It supplies Mercedes-Benz, which holds a strategic stake, and has fielded an…

Price reporting agency with 900-plus metals and battery raw-material prices.

Chinese lead-acid battery manufacturer.

European producer of refined tin and lead-bearing materials.

FIAMM Energy Technology is an Italian lead-acid specialist founded in 1942, part of Japan's Resonac. It makes AGM and advanced flooded batteries at two Italian plants, including a thin plate pure lead…

Maker of battery watering and management systems for motive-power and industrial lead batteries.

Ford is bringing cell-making in-house. Its wholly owned Michigan plant is producing LFP cells under a CATL technology licence, and it is taking full control of two Kentucky plants that build NMC…

France's FORSEE Power builds smart lithium-ion systems for electric buses, trucks and trains, pairing rugged packs with maintenance and leasing services. Its batteries already power more than 5,000 buses across three continents.

Finland's Fortum runs one of Europe's most advanced recycling loops, taking black mass through a hydrometallurgical plant at Harjavalta and recovering more than 95% of its metals as battery-grade chemicals. The EU…

German research institute working across battery materials and technologies.

Supplier of plastic components and vent systems for battery manufacturing.

Japanese battery maker producing lead-acid and industrial batteries, including ISS (idling stop-start) types.

Ganfeng is one of the world's great lithium houses, spanning resources, refining, batteries and recycling, and among the rare companies able to extract lithium from brine, rock and recycled material alike. It…

Geely is a Chinese automotive group with a global stable of brands, from Zeekr and Lynk & Co to Lotus, Polestar and Volvo. It makes its own Aegis short-blade LFP cells, said…

GEM is a leader in urban mining, running a full nickel-cobalt chain from recycled batteries and ore through to precursor and cathode material, with nickel operations in Indonesia supplying CATL, BYD and…

GM makes its own cells through Ultium Cells, its joint venture with LG Energy Solution, with plants in Ohio and Tennessee turning out high-nickel cells and LFP and lithium-manganese-rich chemistries on the…

Producer of specialty fibre-based materials, including battery separator media.

Glencore is a global force in zinc and lead, mining, smelting, trading and recycling across four continents, and increasingly a major recycler of lithium-ion batteries and electronics too.

Supplier of lead oxide and materials to battery manufacturers.

Gopher Resource is a specialist US lead recycler with campuses in Minnesota and Florida, where its Tampa site can process up to 13 million batteries a year, refining pure lead and bespoke…

Gotion is one of the larger battery makers in China, with Volkswagen as its biggest shareholder. It makes LFP and NMC cells for vehicles and storage, supplies VW's unified prismatic cell, and…

Gravita is one of India's largest lead producers and a turnkey recycling specialist, turning battery scrap into pure lead, alloys and oxides. It has built more than 70 recycling plants worldwide and…

Great Wall is a Chinese automaker behind the Haval, Tank and Ora brands, and the parent of battery maker SVOLT, which pioneered cobalt-free cell chemistry and short-blade cells and ranks among China's…

Supplier of lead and non-ferrous metals to the battery industry.

Developer of Silicon Joule bipolar lead battery technology, aiming to improve the performance of the traditional lead battery.

Japan's GS Yuasa is a battery institution, strong in automotive and industrial lead-acid and, through its Blue Energy venture with Honda, in automotive lithium-ion. Its cells even power satellites, the space station…

Maker of lead-melting and casting equipment for the battery and cable industries.

Lead smelting, refining and recycling company.

Hammond Group is a family-owned American maker of the specialty materials that make lead batteries work, from lead oxides to the performance additives and expanders used across the industry.

Major Korean lead-acid battery maker (Atlas brand), supplying automotive and industrial markets worldwide.

Major North American silver and base-metals miner, a source of lead.

HiNa grew out of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and has become a sodium-ion pacesetter, with its own layered-oxide chemistry, a full range of cell formats and one of the world's first…

Hindustan Zinc is one of the world's largest integrated zinc producers, with zinc, lead and silver mines and smelters across Rajasthan, including the Chanderiya lead-zinc smelter.

Maker of AGM separators and advanced materials used in lead and lithium batteries and filtration.

Honda is building cells in the US through L-H Battery, its joint venture with LG Energy Solution in Ohio, dedicated to its North American EVs, while developing all-solid-state batteries on a pilot…

Hoppecke is Europe's largest privately owned maker of industrial batteries, running plants across Germany, Poland and China and supplying lead-acid, lithium-ion and nickel systems for forklift fleets, data centres, rail and off-grid…

A joint venture now owned by Norsk Hydro, Hydrovolt runs one of Europe's largest EV battery recycling plants in Norway, able to process around 12,000 tonnes of packs a year and recover…

Hyundai anchors one of the world's biggest automotive groups, and it makes cells through two Georgia joint ventures, with LG Energy Solution and SK On, that feed its Metaplant America EV factory.

The International Energy Agency's free tool for critical-mineral demand and supply projections.

Mexican mining company and a significant producer of lead, silver and other metals.

A leading EV news outlet with strong, accessible coverage of battery technology.

The International Lead Association is the global trade association dedicated to representing lead producers and supporting a sustainable future for lead.

The global industry association for the full lithium value chain, from mines and refineries to OEMs and recyclers.

Inventus Power designs and manufactures lithium-ion battery packs, chargers and power systems for OEMs across defence, medical, industrial and consumer markets.

Part of the Hyundai Motor Group, Kia shares in the group's two Georgia cell ventures with LG Energy Solution and SK On, which supply Kia, Hyundai and Genesis EVs, with packs assembled…

Korea Zinc is the world's largest producer of smelted zinc and lead, and it is extending that metallurgical strength into battery materials, from nickel refining to precursor and recycling.

Austria's Kreisel, majority-owned by John Deere, is known for its high-density packs and patented immersion cooling, built for demanding jobs from construction and mining machines to marine and motorsport.

Leoch is a leading lead-acid maker and China's largest exporter of lead-acid batteries, with a range spanning reserve, SLI and motive power, its own approved recycling operation and a growing line of…

The parent of the LG battery group, LG Chem is a cathode maker in its own right, producing high-nickel NCM and NCMA at plants in Korea and China and opening a large…

LG Energy Solution is among the largest EV battery makers in the world and holds more battery patents than anyone. It makes cylindrical, pouch and prismatic cells across NCM and LFP, through…

Li Auto made its name with extended-range EVs and is now moving into pure electrics. It has set up a cell venture with Sunwoda to build its own fast-charging cells and co-developed…

Li-Cycle operates a North American battery recycling network on a spoke-and-hub model, shredding batteries into black mass at spoke plants for refining at a central hub. It is part of Glencore.

Liontown is one of Australia's newer lithium producers, and its Kathleen Valley mine in Western Australia is now fully underground, shipping spodumene to customers including Tesla, Ford and LG Energy Solution.

Lithium Americas is developing Thacker Pass in Nevada, which it describes as the largest measured-and-indicated lithium resource in the world. Its first phase, a joint venture with General Motors, targets 40,000 tonnes…

The global reference exchange for industrial metals, and a core price source for the battery supply chain.

Lucid is the American maker of the record-setting Air and the Gravity SUV, backed by Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund and celebrated for its class-leading range and deep in-house pack engineering, with…

Manufacturer of lead-acid battery assembly machinery and production equipment.

Mercedes-Benz pairs large-scale cell buying with its own stakes and pack assembly. It holds a third of the ACC cell venture with Stellantis and TotalEnergies and a stake in Farasis, while sourcing…

Microporous makes separators for both chemistries, producing rubber and polyethylene membranes for lead-acid batteries from plants at Piney Flats, Tennessee and Feistritz, Austria, and supplying 23 countries. It has moved into coated…

Mineral Resources is an Australian mining group that pairs a big mining-services business with major lithium interests, including stakes in the Mount Marion and Wodgina spodumene operations, alongside iron ore.

Japan's Mitsubishi Chemical is a broad materials supplier to the battery world, making anode materials, electrolytes and other cell components used across the industry.

MMG is a global base-metals miner, controlled by China Minmetals, producing zinc, copper and lead from operations across Australia, Africa and South America.

Monbat is one of Europe's larger lead-acid battery makers and recyclers, a Bulgarian group with manufacturing and recycling plants across several countries and a growing lithium line.

NAATBatt International is the trade association for the advanced-battery supply chain in North America, founded in 2008.

China's Narada makes industrial lead-acid and lithium batteries for telecom, data centres and grid storage, and recovers them through its own recycling network.

Nexa is a Latin American zinc and lead producer, mining and smelting across Peru and Brazil, and a significant supplier of the lead that underpins battery manufacturing.

Ronbay is a leading Chinese cathode maker specialising in high-nickel NCM, supplying major cell makers from plants in China and South Korea.

NIO is a Chinese premium EV maker best known for its battery-swap network, which lets drivers exchange a depleted pack for a full one in minutes, and for its work on semi-solid-state…

Nissan helped launch the modern EV era with the Leaf, and it is now investing in next-generation cells, including a pilot line for all-solid-state batteries in Japan.

Maker of premium thin-plate pure-lead (TPPL) batteries for telecom, backup power and industrial use, part of the Stryten group.

Nyrstar is a major producer of zinc and lead, operating smelting and refining assets in Europe, the United States and Australia that supply metals essential to battery making.

Panasonic Energy is one of the pioneers of the lithium-ion age and a long-standing Tesla partner, making high-performance cylindrical cells, including the new 4680 format, in Japan and at large plants in…

Patriot Battery Metals is developing the Corvette project in Quebec, one of the largest lithium resources in the Americas, aiming to supply spodumene to the North American battery chain.

Now trading as PLS, Pilbara Minerals is one of the world's largest independent lithium producers, built around its flagship Pilgangoora operation in Western Australia, and is extending downstream into refining.

POSCO Future M is South Korea's integrated cathode and anode maker, part of the POSCO group and the only Korean company producing both, supplying high-nickel cathode and graphite anode to cell makers…

Long-established supplier of sealed lead-acid and lithium batteries for security, medical, mobility and standby power applications.

A global solar and storage publication with strong battery-storage coverage.

Lead producer with secondary (recycling) operations in North America and Europe, operating in the US as RSR Corporation.

Philippine lead-acid battery manufacturer serving Asian markets.

The North American trade association representing the rechargeable and lithium battery industry on regulatory and safety matters.

Recyclus is a British recycler running one of the UK's first industrial-scale lithium-ion battery recycling plants, alongside lead-acid recycling, recovering critical materials at home.

European lead and zinc recycler, recovering lead from spent batteries and other sources.

Founded by Tesla co-founder JB Straubel, Redwood Materials is building a closed-loop US supply chain, recycling batteries and remaking the recovered metals into cathode and anode components at its Nevada and South…

Renault runs its EV business through its Ampere arm and sources cells from partners including AESC and Verkor, assembling packs at its ElectriCity hub in northern France.

Croatia's Rimac Technology grew out of the hypercar world and now supplies high-performance battery systems and electric powertrains to some of the biggest names in the car industry.

Rio Tinto's lithium arm was formed by acquiring Arcadium Lithium in 2025, bringing brine operations in Argentina, hard-rock projects and the Jadar project in Serbia together under one of the world's biggest…

Rivian is the American maker of adventurous electric trucks and SUVs and the delivery vans behind Amazon's electric fleet, engineering its own packs around cells from several suppliers.

Surrette Battery, maker of the Rolls brand, describes itself as Canada's only remaining independent battery manufacturer. Founded in 1935 and based in Springhill, Nova Scotia since 1959, it is known for rugged…

SAIC is one of China's largest automakers, with joint ventures alongside VW and GM and its own MG and IM brands. It makes cells through partnerships including one with CATL and is…

Samsung SDI is one of the top Korean cell makers, known for high-quality prismatic and cylindrical cells and an ambitious solid-state roadmap, supplying premium automakers from plants in Korea, Hungary and the…

Lead smelting and refining company supplying the battery industry.

Now known as Elevra Lithium, this Australian-listed producer operates the North American Lithium mine in Quebec, one of the continent's few producing spodumene operations.

Sebang Global Battery has made automotive and industrial lead batteries in Korea since 1952, exporting to more than 130 countries under the Rocket and Colossus brands. Its subsidiary Sebang Lithium Battery, in…

SEMCORP, the separator arm of Yunnan Energy New Material, is the world's largest maker of wet-process lithium-ion separator film, supplying the leading cell makers from plants in China and beyond.

SES AI develops high-energy lithium-metal batteries, a technology that promises more range than conventional lithium-ion, and works with automakers including GM, Hyundai and Honda on bringing it to the road.

Leading Chinese metals price platform covering lithium, cobalt, nickel and battery materials.

Siemens supplies the automation, drives and digital-twin software that help design and run battery gigafactories, working across the industry rather than making cells itself.

Sigma Lithium produces spodumene concentrate in Brazil, marketed for its low-carbon, water-recycling credentials, and ranks among the larger lithium suppliers in the Americas.

SK IE Technology, part of the SK group, is a leading maker of wet-process lithium-ion separator film, supplying premium cell makers from plants in Korea, Poland and China.

SK On is one of Korea's big three cell makers, known for its high-nickel pouch cells and fast-charging performance, supplying carmakers from plants in Korea, Europe, China and the US.

Korean research firm and a leading source of global EV and battery market data.

Soulbrain is a South Korean materials maker and a key supplier of lithium-ion electrolyte, along with the specialty chemicals used in cell and semiconductor manufacturing.

Italian maker of machinery and complete production lines for lead and lithium battery manufacturing.

Platts battery-metals assessments for lithium, nickel, cobalt and black mass.

SQM draws lithium from Chile's Atacama, one of the richest brine deposits on earth, and is one of the world's largest producers of battery-grade lithium, with a growing presence in Australia.

Stellantis, the group behind fourteen car brands from Jeep to Peugeot, is building its EV future on cell ventures including ACC in Europe and NextStar in Canada, alongside its own pack engineering.

Stryten Energy is one of the largest United States energy storage makers, spanning lead-acid and lithium for transport, military and grid applications. It also supplies vanadium redox flow through Storion Energy, its…

Through Minera San Cristóbal in Bolivia, a producer of lead-silver and zinc concentrate. Metal-specific lead output is not disclosed in primary sources.

South Korea's SungEel HiTech is one of Asia's leading lithium-ion recyclers, recovering nickel, cobalt and lithium from spent cells and scrap through a growing international network of plants.

Sunwoda is a major Chinese battery maker, a leading supplier of consumer-electronics cells and a fast-rising force in EV and storage batteries, including very fast-charging designs.

Kentucky-based manufacturer of lead-acid automotive and commercial batteries.

SVOLT, spun out of Great Wall Motor, made its name with cobalt-free cell chemistry and short-blade cells, and is one of China's notable makers of batteries for electric vehicles and energy storage.

T1 Energy is a United States solar and battery storage manufacturer, building large-scale capacity in Texas and the American Southeast.

British maker of automated assembly equipment for lead-acid battery production.

Canada's Teck Resources is a major zinc and lead producer, and its Trail smelter is one of the world's largest integrated zinc and lead operations, supplying metals fundamental to batteries.

Terrapure is Canada's leading lead-acid battery recycler, running plants in Ontario and Quebec that together process around 225,000 tonnes, or roughly eight million batteries, a year. It has held that position since…

Tesla reshaped the industry, and it now makes its own 4680 cells alongside those from Panasonic, LG and CATL, powering its cars and its Megapack and Powerwall storage lines.

Doe Run mines one of the world's great lead districts in southeast Missouri and runs one of the largest single-site battery recycling plants anywhere, turning several hundred million pounds of lead-bearing material…

France's Tiamat is a sodium-ion pioneer built on polyanionic chemistry, known for very high power and long life, and among the first to put sodium-ion cells into commercial products.

Large Chinese battery manufacturer for electric two-wheelers, plus recycling and lithium operations.

Tianqi Lithium is one of the world's largest lithium producers, a major owner of the prized Greenbushes mine in Australia and operator of the Kwinana hydroxide refinery, supplying battery-grade lithium worldwide.

Tinci Materials is one of the world's largest makers of lithium-ion electrolyte, producing the electrolyte and its key ingredients at scale for the leading cell makers.

Japan's Toray is a global materials leader and a major maker of lithium-ion battery separator film, supplying cell makers around the world.

Toyota, the world's largest automaker, is investing heavily in batteries, expanding its in-house cell production in Japan and the US and pursuing a widely watched solid-state battery programme.

Aggregated market prices for commodities including lithium, cobalt and nickel.

Commodity trading and logistics group active in the global lead and zinc markets; owns the smelting company Nyrstar.

Taiwanese research firm publishing lithium-ion battery price trends.

Trojan is an American name in deep-cycle batteries, powering golf carts, floor machines and off-grid solar for decades, and now sold alongside C&D's stationary power range.

US Battery has been building premium deep-cycle batteries in America since 1926, powering golf carts, floor machines and renewable-energy systems, and now offers lithium alongside its flooded and AGM ranges.

Japan's UBE Corporation is a long-standing supplier to the battery industry, making electrolyte and separator film as part of a broad chemicals portfolio.

Belgium's Umicore is one of the few companies that spans cathode materials and battery recycling in one, making high-performance cathode for automakers and recovering metals from spent cells at industrial scale.

WMG at the University of Warwick is one of the UK's leading battery research centres, home to a national scale-up line that helps move new cell chemistries from the laboratory toward manufacturing.

The US Geological Survey's free annual data on minerals including lithium, cobalt, nickel and graphite.

Vedanta is one of India's largest natural-resources groups and, through Hindustan Zinc, a leading producer of the zinc and lead that support battery manufacturing.

Volkswagen is building one of the largest carmaker-owned battery operations through its PowerCo unit, which is raising gigafactories in Germany, Spain and Canada to make its unified prismatic cell.

Volvo Cars, the Swedish maker now under Geely, has committed to an all-electric future and works closely with cell partners while building its own battery and software expertise.

Volvo Group, the truck and construction-equipment maker, is electrifying heavy transport, assembling battery packs for its trucks and buses and investing in cell sourcing for commercial vehicles.

Vulcan Energy is pioneering zero-carbon lithium, extracting it from geothermal brine in Germany's Upper Rhine Valley and using the same wells to generate renewable heat and power.

W-SCOPE is a specialist separator maker with Japanese roots and Korean manufacturing, supplying the film that keeps lithium-ion cells safe, and is expanding into Europe.

Germany's Webasto, long known for sunroofs and heating systems, is now a significant supplier of battery packs and systems for electric cars, vans and commercial vehicles.

Wirtz Manufacturing is a leading maker of the machinery behind lead-acid battery production, from grid casting and pasting to complete continuous plate-making lines, built for manufacturers around the world.

Energy-transition research house covering the EV and battery supply chain.

Wuxi Lead is the world's largest maker of lithium-ion battery production equipment, supplying complete manufacturing lines to the biggest cell makers, from winding and stacking through to assembly.

XPeng is a Chinese smart-EV maker known for its advanced driver-assistance technology and fast-charging architecture, sourcing cells from leading suppliers while developing its own battery and platform designs.

Yinghe Technology is one of China's pioneering battery-equipment makers, supplying the coating, assembly and complete production lines used to manufacture lithium-ion, sodium-ion and solid-state cells worldwide.

Japanese lead-acid battery manufacturer.

Huayou Cobalt has grown from a cobalt refiner into one of the key names in battery materials, spanning nickel and cobalt from Indonesia and Africa, precursor and cathode production, and recycling.

Zoolnasm is a Chinese sodium-ion innovator built on a distinctive sodium iron sulfate chemistry, prized for safety and low cost, and one of the first to industrialise the polyanionic approach.